The Rising Obesity Crisis in Malaysia: A Call for Action

March 4th marks World Obesity Day, a global initiative to address the rising obesity epidemic, with Malaysia prominently facing this crisis. The country has one of Southeast Asia's highest obesity rates, presenting critical public health challenges. With over half the population affected by overweight or obesity, the issue poses severe risks, including type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, and mental health issues. This underscores the urgency for collective action from policymakers, healthcare professionals, and communities to combat obesity effectively.

The 2023 National Health and Morbidity Survey (NHMS) highlights that 21.3% of Malaysian adults are obese, rising from 19.7% in 2019. Among children and adolescents, 30.7% are overweight or obese. These alarming statistics emphasize the need for immediate intervention to prevent associated chronic conditions like hypertension, elevated cholesterol levels, and certain cancers. Additionally, the mental health toll of obesity, including depression and anxiety, cannot be overlooked.

Several factors contribute to Malaysia’s escalating obesity problem. Dietary habits are a significant contributor. Traditional Malaysian foods, though rich in flavor, tend to be high in calories, fats, and sugars. Popular dishes like nasi lemak and roti canai are staples but are also calorie-dense and unhealthy when consumed regularly. Additionally, the widespread availability of sugar-sweetened beverages, particularly among young people, exacerbates the problem.

Physical inactivity further fuels the rise in obesity. Urbanization has led to more sedentary lifestyles, with many Malaysians working desk jobs and children engaging less in outdoor play due to the lure of digital entertainment. Around 25% of the population does not engage in sufficient physical activity, according to the NHMS 2023. Socioeconomic factors also play a crucial role. Lower-income groups tend to have limited access to healthy food and safe spaces for exercise. Affordable, high-calorie foods are often the go-to for many families, perpetuating unhealthy eating habits. Additionally, cultural norms in some Malaysian communities view being overweight as a sign of wealth and health, making it harder to promote weight management.

Malaysia has undertaken a multi-pronged approach to address obesity, involving government policies, public health campaigns, and community initiatives. The National Plan of Action for Nutrition of Malaysia (NPANM) III focuses on promoting healthier eating habits and increasing physical activity. It includes guidelines for schools, workplaces, and communities to create supportive environments for healthy lifestyles. “My Body is Fit and Fabulous at Home” (MyBFF@Home) is a community-based program targeting overweight and obese housewives, equipping them with the knowledge and skills to adopt healthier lifestyle practices. Participants receive tailored advice on nutrition, physical activity, and behavioural changes to facilitate sustainable weight management.

Released in 2023, the Clinical Practice Guidelines for Obesity Management provide healthcare professionals with evidence-based recommendations for diagnosing and managing obesity in adults and children. They emphasize a holistic approach, including lifestyle interventions, pharmacotherapy, and bariatric surgery where necessary. The Sugar-Sweetened Beverage (SSB) Tax, implemented in 2019, aims to discourage the consumption of sugary drinks. Early evaluations suggest it has prompted some manufacturers to reformulate their products with reduced sugar content. Organizations such as the Malaysian Association for the Study of Obesity (MASO) collaborate with the Ministry of Health to raise awareness about obesity and its health risks. Campaigns emphasize the importance of balanced diets, regular exercise, and weight management.

Infrastructure investments have also been made to encourage active lifestyles, such as building public parks, cycling paths, and community sports facilities. Schools play a pivotal role in prevention efforts by integrating nutrition education into curricula, offering healthier meals in canteens, and emphasizing physical education.

Despite these measures, challenges remain. Public attitudes toward obesity need to shift, and equitable access to healthy foods and exercise opportunities must be ensured. Greater collaboration among stakeholders is crucial for sustained progress. Malaysia’s fight against obesity is a vital step toward improving the health and well-being of its population. With continued dedication, the nation can achieve a healthier future for all.

Dr. Azmah Sa'at

Medical Lecturer

Department of Human Anatomy

Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences

Universiti Putra Malaysia

Pharmacology

azmahsaat@upm.edu.my

Date of Input: 03/03/2025 | Updated: 03/03/2025 | nadia_rahman